Welding Position (Posisi Pengelasan)

 Flat position (Posisi Datar)

Horizontal position (Posisi searah sumbu Datar)

 Vertical position (Posisi Tegak)

Overhead position  (Posisi di atas Kepala)

Dalam posisi ini,  Pipa tidak boleh diputar  atau di roll pada waktu pengelasan terjadi.

Dalam posisi ini,  Pipa  diputar  atau di roll pada waktu pengelasan terjadi.

How to read welding symbol in Construction

Weld Design for Duplex/ SS

How to Read Welding Electrode Code

Non Destructive Test (NDT)

1. Magnetic Testing (MT)
Magnetic Testing (MT) is a Non-Destructive Testing method used for surface or near surface breaking defect detection. MT is a fast and relatively easy to apply and part surface preparation is not as critical as it is for some other NDT methods. These characteristics make MT one of the most widely utilized NDT methods. MT uses magnetic fields and small magnetic particles, such as iron filings to detect flaws in components
MT uses magnetic fields and small magnetic particles, such as iron filings to detect flaws in components.

2. Penetrant Testing (PT)

Penetration Testing (PT) is a method that is used to reveal surface breaking flaws by bleed out of a coloured or fluorescent dye from the flaw

Liquid Penetrant Testing is used to test a variety of both metallic and non-metallic materials such as welds, forgings, castings, plastics and ceramics etc. It is the most effective method for economically revealing surface discontinuities in a variety of dissimilar materials.

3. Radiographic Testing (RT)
Radiographic Testing (RT) involves the use of penetrating X or Gamma radiation to examine parts and products for imperfections.
An X-Ray Machine or Radioactive Isotope is used as a source of radiation.  Radiation is directed through a part and onto a film.  When the film is developed, a Shadow image is obtained that shows the internal soundness of the examined area.

Possible imperfections show up as density changes in the film, in much the same manner as an X-ray can show broken bones.

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4. Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
Ultrasonic Testing uses sound waves of short wavelength and high frequency sound energy to detect flaws or measure material thickness. Such mechanical waves can travel large distances in fine grain metal, in the form of a divergent wave with progressive attenuation.